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Box 429 Garberville, CA 95440-0429 USA -------------------------------------------------------------------- BSRF - July/August 1982 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Discovery of the Second Law of Gravitation by Craig Gunnufson Almost everyone has heard the story in which an apple fell on Newton's head and this led to the discovery of the Universal Law of Gravitation, which is: "Any two bodies attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them (F-GMm/r'2 (for '2=squared))" I belive I have made a very fundamental discovery which could be called the Second Universal Law of Gravitation. It came about as an outgrowth of my Ether Displacement Theory. The Second Law of Gravitation states : "Matter absorbs and re-radiates energy from the medium (ether) which is responsible for the phenomenon known as gravitation. The rate of energy being radiated is proportional to the square of the mass." (Note that radiation indicates PUSH....Vangard) Page 1 dE/dt = kM'2 = power, k = 7.2 X 10'-34 (to the -34th) erg/gm'2 sec Therefore, an intrinsic property of matter is that it absorbs energy from the ether. The rate of acceleration of a falling object, which acquires kinetic energy is a measure of energy flow via conduction through the ether. For example, under Newton's law of gravitation, if one of the masses in question is doubled, it would follow that force and therefore the rate of acceleration would double. Since the kinetic energy is proportional to the second power of the velocity, we would also expect the energy flow via conduction to be proportional to the second power of the mass times the constant. The solar energy output is not less than 3.89 X 10'33 (to the 33rd)erg/sec. If we assume that fusion and gravitational mechanisms are the only methods of energy production, then the ether must supply 2.8 X 10'33 erg/sec since the neutrino measurements account for only 27% of the Sun's energy. From laboratory work it is known that nuclear fusion reactions give off neutrinos. It has been generally accepted that the Sun's energy is the result of fusion but, over the last 10 years, counts of neutrinos emitted by the sun have been less than expected. In "SCIENCE", January 1976, J.N. Bahcall and R. Davis, Jr. reported finding only 1.5 Solar Neutrino Units (SNU). Under the standard solar model, 5.5 SNU were expected. If these figures are correct, then only 27% of the Sun's energy may be produced by fusion. The "K" was calculated to be 7.2 X 10'-34 erg/gm'2 sec. It is recognized that this value of "K" is a first approximation since it is likely that celestial bodies contain other energy processes and the neutrinos measured may be general background levels. Based on this value the predicted minimum energy output of other celestial bodies were then calculated : Celestial Body Mass (M) gms Predicted Output Earth 5.97 X 10'27 2.60 X 10'22 Jupiter 1.88 X 10'30 2.50 X 10'27 Saturn 5.60 X 10'29 2.30 X 10'26 Neptune 1.00 X 10'29 7.20 X 10'24 Uranus 8.60 X 10'28 5.30 X 10'24 Alpha Centauri "A" 2.15 X 10'33 3.33 X 10'33 Alpha Centauri "B" 1.75 X 10'33 2.20 X 10'33 Alpha Centauri "C" 2.39 X 10'32 4.10 X 10'31 (where ' preceding a number indicates to the tenth power) There is much disagreement among geophysicists as to the Earth's total rate of energy dissipation. Values of heat quantities measured are on the order of magnitude of 10'20 erg/sec (Sclater, "Review Geophys. Space Physics", Vol. 18. p. 269-300). However, Williams and Von Herzen pointed out in 1974 that much more heat could be lost due to hydrothermal circulation of sea water. Page 2 Some estimates place this heat loss at 100 times greater than continental heat loss. Therefore, at the present time, the total energy released by the earth is highly speculative. My calculation of 2.6 X 10'22 erg/sec is within the range of possibilities. From the data received by the probes sent to Jupiter there is an outer layer of atmosphere that is quite cold, but under this colder layer is a much hotter layer, around 440 degrees Celsius. (Encyclopedia Americana, Vol. 16, p. 254, 1979). Because the outer layer acts as insulation, we would expect only some portion of the energy radiated by the inner layer to escape the planet. Using the Stefan-Boltzmann law it is possible to calculate the upper limit of the rate of energy lost through radiation. E = kT'4 = (5.7 X 10'-5) (713 degrees K)'4 = 1.47 X 10'7 erg/cm'2sec Esubt = E(area) = (1.47 X 10'7) (6.48 X 10'20) = 9.5 X 10'27 erg/sec Since some portion of this amount is able to escape through the outer layer, then my figure of 2.5 X 10'27 erg/sec is within probable range. Newton himself recognized that bodies were attracted to each other, but the actual mechanism remained a mystery to him. In the 19th Century, Lesage theorized that a medium of hyperfine particles could account for the inverse square law discovered by Newton. Lesage's theory also showed that GRAVITY IS A PUSH, NOT A PULL OR ATTRACTION. Since then, there have been others who have come up with similar theories independently. (Walter Wright of Fairfield, California is the leading exponent of the Push Gravity theory as first noted by his then 6 year old son, Walter has since fleshed the idea out into a complete and logical system which we of Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet fully support.....Jerry Decker/Ron Barker) However, Lesagian theory has had its critics. In recent times two of the most notable are Richard Feynman and Willy Ley. In his essay, "The Case for a Lesagian Theory of Gravitation", that appeared in the Association for Pushing Gravity Research, 1979 Mutual Aid addition, John Kizer presented some of the arguments made by these critics. One of them is : "The friction generated by the impacts of these ultra-mundane particles upon masses such as the earth would, of necessity, make the earth white- hot within a short period of time." In this statement the critics are right QUALITATIVELY but not QUANTITATIVELY. My calculations show that the earth DOES NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT MASS to become white hot, BUT THE SUN DOES. It can be seen that with this new law of gravitation we can calculate the rate of energy radiation of celestial bodies. These rates confirm the idea that space, or the ether, has usable energy. Page 3 There is much research presently going on for the purpose of tapping this energy. This confirmation further legitimizes this important research. Copyright 1981 by Craig Gunnufson, all rights reserved. Mr. Gunnufson welcomes comment. His address is 26176 Madison St., Murrieta, California 92362 USA -------------------------------------------------------------------- If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the Vangard Sciences address as listed on the first page. Thank you for your consideration, interest and support. Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet -------------------------------------------------------------------- If we can be of service, you may contact Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 4