(word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2) Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501 Sponsored by Vangard Sciences PO BOX 1031 Mesquite, TX 75150 There are ABSOLUTELY NO RESTRICTIONS on duplicating, publishing or distributing the files on KeelyNet except where noted! February 15, 1994 ZPETEST.ASC -------------------------------------------------------------------- This file shared with KeelyNet courtesy of Chris Terraneau. -------------------------------------------------------------------- ZPETEST.ASC Zero Potential Energy Test Circuit by Chris Terraneau 9 February 1994 A number of KeelyNet callers have been experimenting with various circuits trying to tap the Zero-Potential energy. I have personally designed and built many conventional Switching Power Supplies which utilize circuits similar to those described in TOD.ZIP and COILBAK.ZIP. Several KeelyNetters have initially reported greater than unity outputs, only to realize later that some measurements may have been done in a manner which obscures what's really happening. I want to alert everyone to the fact that basically, what you MIGHT be actually building is called a FLYBACK CONVERTER, Figure 1. In conventional (less than unity) circuits, a switch (FET1) is closed for a period of time. Current ramps up in the inductor L1, as does the increasing magnetic field. At some point, FET1 is turned off. The collapsing magnetic field in inductor L1 causes a reversal of polarity in the voltage across it. This reverse voltage can easily be 10 to 20 times the input voltage to the circuit. What is important to note here is that although the circuit has increased the VOLTAGE several times, it has DECREASED the current. An INCREASE in VOLTAGE is not the same as an INCREASE in POWER if the current has fallen. (P = E x I). In some of the circuits I have seen posted here, experimenters are advised to use a voltmeter to read a pulse voltage. This does not work ! A very GOOD oscilloscope is ESSENTIAL if you're going to determine power in a pulse circuit where P = E x I x T, where T is Time. Use a 'scope with AT LEAST 100 MHz bandwidth. It would be far easier to store these 'spurts' of voltage/current in a capacitor, and then measure the DC Page 1 output power. If a large enough capacitor is used, T can be ignored completely (at least as far as measuring output power is concerned). Further, FLYBACK-produced current is NOT what you're after ! A reverse voltage, which is typical of flyback output, indicates that you have STORED energy in an INDUCTOR in its MAGNETIC FIELD. Fig. 1 - Typical FLYBACK Converter + V | | (+) (-) | C FET1 ON FET1 OFF C (charging) (flyback) C L1 C (-) (+) | | +--------------- OUTPUT PULSE | see waveform below ___________ | | | | | | | D | Drive |-------------] [--+ | | G ] FET1 | Circuit | ] [--+ | | | S N-Channel | | | | Positive | ------ | Pulse | ---- | Output | -- |___________| __ / \ Collapsing magnetic field | | generates reverse polarity | | large voltage spike (with very low FLYBACK | | current) Output Pulse | | Waveform | | | | | | | | ------ | | ---------------- + V | | | / ---- -- ground ----> time | | FET1 switched ON FET1 switched OFF To extract the Zero-Point energy according to Bearden, NO CURRENT must flow in your collection element during the 'charging' time. If no current flows, NO MAGNETIC FIELD is generated either. Subsequently, no collapsing field results, and no reverse-polarity flyback pulse is generated. Page 2 Instead, your collection element is 'charged' by ATTEMPTING to flow current in a conductor such as a long length of wire, POSSIBLY, but not necessarily, in a coiled form. See Figure 2. As an example, use a length of wire 1000 feet long. Switch a voltage from a battery across it for a period of time that is LESS than what is needed for CURRENT to begin flowing. At about 1 foot per nanosecond, you'll need less than 1 microsecond. When the switch (FET1) is opened, there will be no flyback (reverse polarity) pulse, because NO current flowed while FET1 was ON, so NO magnetic field was built-up. NOW, connect storage capacitor C2 (by switching ON FET2) across the length of wire, and 'capture' Zero-Potential energy. You can do this at any frequency you like, from 60 Hz to several hundred Kilohertz. Just don't leave FET1 on long enough for current to begin flowing in the conductor. Use the capacitor (C2) to AVERAGE the product of Time, Voltage and Current. Load the capacitor with a load resistor (R3) and measure the voltage and current flowing in it. Calculate the resulting power with P = E x I. Figure 2 - Test Circuit /-- measure INPUT current here \|/ + V -----+-----------------+ | | ----- C1 +-----------+--------+ 1000 ----- | | | uF | - (+) | + | C2 \ | C ----- / R3 (Load) ------ C ----- \ ---- L1 C - | 33uF / 100 - 10,000 -- C | | Ohms (-) | +--------+ + V | D3 | S FET2 | | +--] [ G | | |/| [---+ P-Channel _____|_____ +----| |-------] [ | | | | |\| D | | | | D | | Drive | G ] [--+ | | | +---+--] FET1 | | Circuit | | | ] [--+ | | | | | | S N-Channel | | Narrow | \ | | | | Positive | R1 / --- ------ | | Pulse | \ \ / ---- | | Output |--+ / ------ -- | |___________| | | | D1 | | | | | R2 | | +---+---+---+----/\/\/\----+---------+ ------ | | ---- | |\| D2 | -- +-----| |------+ FET1: IRFZ120 (IR) |/| FET2: IRFZ9120 (IR) Page 3 There are a number of concerns relating to 'stray' capacitance. This is one reason to use a long loop of wire instead of a coil. With a coil, there is a continuous 'capacitor' formed where each loop of wire comes into close proximity to the other loops. This stray capacitance will draw a spike of current at the instant FET1 is switched on. The energy lost charging this capacitance MIGHT NOT be recoverable. A long loop of wire, like stretching it out along the periphery of your backyard, eliminates much of this capacitance. Also you'll want to suspend it away from the ground and other objects to reduce capacitance. The only advantage to a coil is reduced size. Remember, you don't want a magnetic field anyway. Winding a bucking coil, with half the turns clockwise and the other half counter- clockwise, DOES NOT solve the capacitance problem. It only cancels the generation of a magnetic field, which you're not going to get anyhow because FET1 will not be ON long enough. Now, a little about FETs. These are transistors which have a large capacitance between their leads. Watch out for this, or it might be interpreted as zero-potential energy. The G to S capacitance is usually the largest value, but D to G and D to S are also significant. FET1 should turn OFF before FET2 turns ON. And, FET2 should turn OFF before FET1 turns ON again. If this isn't done, part of the potential which is 'charging' your collection element 'leaks' into your load resistance. D1 and D2 and R1 and R2 reduce the possibility of this happening by controlling the turn-on and turn-off times of the FETs. Try 1000 ohms for R1 and R2. D1 and D2 should be Shottky diodes, such as 1N5711. Diode D3 blocks the C2 potential which has been accumulated from bleeding back into L1 AFTER it has given up its zero- point energy. Using a Shottky diode for D3 improves efficiency because of its lower forward drop and fast switching times. To test for turn-on / turn-off related inefficiencies, disconnect the collection element, L1, and measure input current. I got about 2 mA at + V = 15V. This loss is probably due to capacitance losses in the FETs themselves. Upon re-connecting the collection element, you'll see an increase in the input current. The stray capacitance is causing this, and you want this increase to be as small as possible. By the way, the driving pulse generator, which can be the 555 with inverter stage from TOD.ZIP, should provide sharp rising and falling FULL VOLTAGE (0 to + V) pulses. If it doesn't, circuit efficiency (or over-efficiency) will suffer. This limits + V to about 20 volts for most FETs. I'm including Figure 3, which is a 3525 Regulating Pulse Width Modulator chip used as a driver. Since it has an Page 4 active pull-up and pull down output circuit, it works fairly well down to 1 uS pulse widths. You can also easily adjust the frequency and pulse width with trimmers. Figure 3 - 3525 Circuit + V +-----+--------------------------+ | + - | | |16 | | | 33 uF ----- | ---------- +---| |---+-----+ ----- | | |15 | | | | | 0.1 | / 10K | |----+ | | uF | \ Pot (pulse width) | |13 | | ------ | / / 2 | |----+ | ---- | \ -----------------------| |12 | -- | / \ | | 5 | U1 |----+---------+ | \ +----| |------+---| |10 | | | | | | | 7 | |----+ | | | .001 uF +---| |11 \ +-----+------+ 6 | |------------ Output | | +---------| | / Pulse | / | ---------- | \ / | |1 |9 | / ------+ +----+ | \ \ ------ / 100K Pot U1: SG3525 or UC3525 (Silicon ---- \ (frequency) General or Unitrode) -- Pins 3, 4, 8, 14 no connection Sadly, I was not able to achieve any free energy with this circuit. I think this is because the capacitive losses in my coil of wire and / or those in the FETs is greater than that recovered from the collection element. I think the only way such a circuit is going to work is when the collection element is a VERY LONG length of wire with VERY little stray capacitance, i.e. NOT a coil (or better yet, that mysterious 'degenerative' material Bearden spoke of). -------------------------------------------------------------------- If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the Vangard Sciences address as listed on the first page. Thank you for your consideration, interest and support. Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet -------------------------------------------------------------------- If we can be of service, you may contact Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 5