(word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2) Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501 Sponsored by Vangard Sciences PO BOX 1031 Mesquite, TX 75150 There are ABSOLUTELY NO RESTRICTIONS on duplicating, publishing or distributing the files on KeelyNet except where noted! October 6, 1991 MIND11.ASC -------------------------------------------------------------------- This file shared with KeelyNet courtesy of Tom Albion. Tom runs the THC Online System in Canada at 604-361-4549. -------------------------------------------------------------------- The Quantum Zeno Effect Title-> Can't get there from here; quantum physics puts a new twist on Zeno's paradox. Authors-> Powell, Corey S. Can't Get There from Here Two thousand years ago the Greek philosopher Zeno noted that an object moving from one place to another must first reach a halfway point, and before that a point half of the way to the halfway point, and so on. Any movement involves an infinite number of intermediate points, and so any motion must require an infinite amount of time. Motion, Zeno concluded, is logically impossible. In fact, things do move. Zeno did not consider that an endless series could have a finite sum. But in the counter-intuitive realm of quantum physics, something akin to Zeno's paradox can occur: atoms can be paralyzed if they are closely scrutinized. The act of observing prevents the atom from passing a halfway point between two energy levels. In 1977 E. C. George Sudarshan and Baidyanath Misra of the University of Texas at Austin realized that an unstable object, such as a radioactive atom, WOULD NEVER DECAY if it were observed continuously. They called this surprising phenomenon the quantum Zeno effect. Now Wayne M. Itano and his colleagues at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have observed a variant of this effect in the real world. Their work will appear in Physical Review A. The reason for the Zeno effect lies at the heart of quantum physics, which states that the energy of an atom moving between two energy states is somewhat uncertain and that (for short intervals) the uncertainty grows over time. Page 1 For an atom to shift from one state to the other, the uncertainty must be large enough to bridge the two. A measurement that determines the atom's energy "collapses" the atom to the measured state. Afterward the uncertainty grows again, but it should be possible to "freeze" an atom in one energy state BY TAKING MEASUREMENTS SO FREQUENTLY that its energy NEVER BECOMES UNCERTAIN ENOUGH TO LET IT JUMP TO ANOTHER STATE. To observe the Zeno effect, the NIST team confined 5,000 beryllium ions in an electromagnetic trap and exposed them for 256 milliseconds to a radio frequency that bumps beryllium ions to a higher, excited energy state. During the test they fired short, 2.4-millisecond laser pulses at the ions to determine their energy state. Ions in the bottom state scattered the light pulse back; those in the excited state did not. Each measurement pulse returned a scatter proportional to the number of ions still in the bottom energy state. When a single measurement pulse was sent at the end of the test, nearly all the ions were found to be in the higher state, as one might expect. More frequent laser pulses caused the number of ions in the higher energy state to decrease. When 64 pulses--the largest number used--were sent, essentially none of the atoms was able to jump to the higher level. The measurement pulses occurred so often that THERE WAS NO TIME for each ion's uncertainty TO BECOME LARGE ENOUGH TO PERMIT IT TO REACH THE UPPER LEVEL. The NIST experiment sheds some interesting light on the question of the role of the observer in a system like this. The scattered laser light, used to determine the energy states of the atoms, was observed after the end of the 256-millisecond test period. The energy states of the ions, however, collapsed when hit by the pulses during the test period, before the return scatters were actually observed. Despite the apparent link between the viewer and the behavior of the ions, IT WAS THE ACT OF MEASUREMENT -- not the act of observing the measurement -- that immobilized the ions. Even so, the experiment may strengthen the conviction of those who believe the old adage: "A watched pot never boils." -------------------------------------------------------------------- Vangard Note... A most fascinating observation. As a point of interest, in the early part of the 20th century, two well known psychics did a study of the elements in an attempt to ascertain their structure. The psychics were C. W. Leadbeater and Annie Besant. From their efforts, a book was written with descriptions of what they Page 2 found. That book is "OCCULT CHEMISTRY" and is available from Health Research (listed in the CONTACT file on KeelyNet). Besant and Leadbeater described their attempts to "look" into matter using their psychic abilities. In the first attempts, they managed to see down into the structure but the particles were moving at such rapid speeds that no pattern could be seen, simply a blur of moving bodies. Something inspired them to think that a psychic "clamp" could be effected which would temporarily FREEZE THE MOVING PARTICLES to allow the structure to be seen. This technique was tried and found to be successful. The clamp could only be sustained for seconds but it was sufficient to allow them to describe and draw what they saw. Several years ago, Fate magazine ran a series of excellent articles written by a physicist who had been studying OCCULT CHEMISTRY. He found that the patterns CORRELATED ALMOST EXACTLY WITH modern findings of atomic structure. We have these papers and will place them on KeelyNet as time allows. Our friend Thom Pawlicki, author of "How to Build a Flying Saucer" and an excellent book on HyperSpace, writes in a letter to us that he believes it is possible to train ones eyes in such a manner that the vision path from each eye will NOT collide. Thom says that when the vision paths REMAIN PARALLEL to each other, the vision is essentially infinite, thus allowing one to see for miles or into the heart of matter. We find this of extreme interest since John Keely had constructed a special microscope which allowed him to view into the heart of atoms. We understand this device used Ultraviolet rays but there is little public information on much of Keely's work beyond that which Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet has found and placed in the public domain. -------------------------------------------------------------------- If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the Vangard Sciences address as listed on the first page. Thank you for your consideration, interest and support. Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet -------------------------------------------------------------------- If we can be of service, you may contact Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 3